This steam is expanded across a number of turbine blades and the spent steam is condensed in a condenser and pumped back to the steam water cycle of the plant. And over the past 35 years, we have retrofitted more than 70 condenser tube bundles and set a record of 19 days for a 900mw npp retrofit thanks to our service expertise. Direct aircooled condenser units in power plants usually consist of finned tubes arranged in the form of a delta or aframe to drain condensate effectively, reduce distribution steam duct lengths. Performance characteristics of an aircooled condenser under. Electrical systems that export power to the grid or supply power to plant equipment. Steam condenser definition, working, types and advantages.
The boiler puts 25 kw of heat into the cycle and produces wet steam at 300oc. The function of a condenser in a thermal power plant is a. This article provides an overview of fossilfuel power plant ffpp con. Condenser optimization in steam power plant springerlink. Table i ultratech air cooled condenser specification the steam in tubes is condensate by air come from fan. Aug 09, 2016 steam power plant can be installed in any area where water sources and transportation facility are easily available. It increases the efficiency of the power plant due to increased enthalpy drop. Optimization of a condenser in a thermal power plant gokhan ozdamar1 and recep ozturk2 1university of firat, department of mechanical engineering, elazig 2 university of yildiz technical, department of mechanical engineering, istanbul email. The source of the circulating water can be either a. Mar 04, 2020 condensation of steam in a closed system, creates an empty place by reduction of volume of the low pressure steam.
It reduces back pressure of the steam which results in more work output. Steam condenser definition, working, types and advantages february 21, 2017 october 27, 2017 pankaj mishra 2 comments thermal engineering steam condenser is a mechanical device which converts the low pressure exhaust steam from the turbine into water. Performance characteristics of an aircooled condenser. Condenser and cooling tower work in power plant youtube. Plate condensers are used mainly for smaller power plants. The greatest variation in the design of steam electric power plants is. Poor condenser performance results in performance losses which reduce the profitability of your power plant. The exhaust steam from the turbine flows on the shell side under vacuum of the condenser, while the plant s circulating water flows in the tube side. Motor characteristics fan motor power must be equal to that required by the fan shaft power divided by the motor and gear box. They are frequently used in electrical power plants and waste to energy plants of all sizes. How an air ejector works in a boiler feed system the air ejector draws out the air and vapours which are released from the condensing steam in the condenser. In the worst case, the entire water steam cycle could be damaged by corrosion effects triggered by condenser problems. Turbine startup for a cold state should be conducted with stabilised live steam parameters which for a high power output unit with steam parameters. Performance analysis of surface condenser in 525mw thermal.
The additional auxiliary power required to operate the condensing system is small. Ges condensers have been used in power plants for over 50 years, and have a track record of high performance. There is a diagram for i once through cooling, ii wet cooling tower, and iii air cooled condenser. Steam generator, turbine, condenser, feed pump, cycle net work, work ratio. This kind of ffpps is also called steam power plant, and depending on the operating steam pressure,itcanbeclassifiedintosubcriticalplantsand supercriticalplants. Steamcturbine power plant which is sometime known as coal based power plant or thermal power plant, is a major source of electrical energy for any country. The proposed cooling system uses existing aframe aircooled condenser acc technology. Here now we going to discuss only steam power station or steam power generation plant and all other power station in next coming articles. In the worst case, the entire watersteam cycle could be damaged by corrosion effects triggered by condenser problems. Modernization and upgrades for condenser modernization and.
Optimization of a condenser in a thermal power plant. The function of the condenser is to condense exhaust steam from the steam turbine by rejecting the heat of vaporisation to the cooling water passing through the condenser. Power plant condenser fouling article of interest by dewindia team industrial process plants generate steam for power production and process use. The running cost of steam power plant is comparatively high because of fuel, maintenance etc.
Power plant steam condenser power plant, france case story space restrictions were a major concern for a french power plant evaluating heat exchangers for use as a steam condenser. Steam surface condenser modular changeout steam surface condensers modular changeouts. Subcritical steam plant in subcritical power plants, the steam parameters never exceed the critical point. So, the statement is the pressure of the air and steam is equal to the sum of the pressures which constituent would exert, if it occupied the same space by self 17. Three of the major options for steam power plant water cooling and the condenser are summarized in the diagrams in this section. The greatest variation in the design of steam electric power plants is due to the different fuel sources. The exhausted steam from the lp turbines is condensed by passing over tubes containing water from the cooling system. The net gain in turbine output power is substantial, since for the same steam flow, the power output of the steam turbine now increases to 26. Aspects of failure of condenser tubes and their remedial measures at power plants ashwini k. Ge they require controlled thermal transients as the massive casing heats up slowly and differential expansion. Sinha agm netra, ntpc limited abstract the demands placed on the condensers of utility generating units are significant. In power plant engineering condensers contains air and steam mixture. If we talk about the overall efficiency of steam power plant, than is about 35 % to 41% which is low. Cost estimates for power plants in the united states, india, and romania 29 gas turbine simple cycle 29 gas turbine combined cycle 35 coalfired steam plant 39 oilfired steam plant 45 natural gasfired steam plant 47 dieselgenerator plant 48 onshore wind farms 51 photovoltaic array 56 solar thermal array 60 annex 1.
Analysis of rankine cycle and its utility in thermal power plant a theoretical approach 54 regarded as a control volume, operating at steady state. The company needed a solution with a minimal footprint that could increase the efficiency of its steam turbine. Thermal power plant or thermal power station is the place where we use the energy of heat to produce electric power. These condensers are heat exchangers which convert steam from its gaseous to its liquid state at a pressure below atmospheric pressure. Steam is to be condensed in the condenser of a steam power plant at a temperature of 50c with cooling water from a nearby lake, which enters the tubes of the condenser at 18c at a rate of 101 kgs and leaves at 27c. Unit 2 steam power plant steam power plant structure 2. Once the steam has passed through the turbine, it enters the condenser where heat is removed until it condenses back into liquid water. Boiler, turbine, condenser, pump, carnot cycle for steam, disadvantages of carnot cycle application. Condenser cooling water pumps in thermal power plant pdf ppt. A simple model to help understand water use at power plants.
We have the advantages, disadvantage, layout, working principle of steam power station or steam power plant in this article. This study evaluates the performance characteristics of a power plant incorporating a steam turbine and a direct aircooled drywet condenser operating at different ambient temperatures. Aspects of failure of condenser tubes and their remedial. Live and reheat steam temperature must be at least 50 oc higher than the saturation temperature and for instance for steam pressure 5 mpa live steam temperature should be min. In thermal power plants, the purpose of a surface condenser is to condense the exhaust steam from a steam turbine to obtain maximum efficiency, and also to convert the turbine exhaust steam into pure water referred to as steam condensate so that it may be reused in the steam generator or boiler as boiler feed water. Today we will learn about thermal power plant, its main components along with working and its advantages and disadvantages.
Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter2 steam power. Heat generated in the furnace is utilized to convert water into steam. Condenser, back pressure, power, heat rate, thermal efficiency i. Ensure your steam surface condenser is delivering optimum performance. Patel mihir 450119107 patel mubarak 450119110 patel parth 450119116 patel pathik 450119117 pathan uvesh 450119125 2.
Power market experience a s a global leader in the electric utility industry, sihi has hundreds of installations in conventional, geothermal and nuclear steam power plants worldwideso we understand your needs. Another important factor is the condensers operating reliability. Steam power plant an overview sciencedirect topics. Despite efforts to develop alternative energy converters, electricity from steam will continue, for many years, to provide the power that energizes the united states and world economies. Improvement power plant efficiency with condenser pressure. Function of condenser function of the condenser is to create a vacuum by condensing steam, removing dissolved noncondensable gases from the condensate conserving the condensate for reuse as the feedwater supply to the steam generator providing a leaktight barrier between the high grade condensate contained within the shell and the untreated cooling water providing a. Alstoms ultrasupercritical steam turbine at the boxberg power plant in germany can produce 600 mw. Condensing plant is the only major item of power plant which is at present not covered by a british standard code for thermal performance testing.
In this cycle, water is heated in the steam generator to produce high temperature and pressure steam. Thesis performance of an aircooled steam condenser. During this process of expansion, the highenergy steam also performs mechanical work. The main purpose of a steam condenser in turbine is to maintain a low back pressure on the exhaust side of the steam turbine after releasing from nozzles, the steam has to expand to a great extent for converting available energy into it to usable mechanical work.
Whenever steam is involved in a plant there should be a condenser to prevent venting and reuse of process medium. It is a device or an appliance in which steam condenses and heat released by steam is absorbed by water. If the air were not removed from the system it could cause corrosion problems in the boiler. May 05, 2017 a condenser in a power plant is a heat exchanger. Unless the condenser is provided with a reheating hotwell also commonly called a deaerating hotwell, the condensate, while falling down through the tube bundle, will be subcooled to a temperature lower than the saturation pressure corresponding to the condenser steam side vacuum. An introduction to condensers and auxiliary equipment for. In the steam collection header, steam falls down in fin tubes in aframe of air cooled condenser due to vacuum. First, a brief introduction of ffpp fundamentals and con. Dec 16, 2015 what is the function of condenser in power plant. Steam power plant configuration, design, and control. In a steam power plant, highenergy steam, generated in a steam generator, expands through a steam turbine and undergoes changes in pressure, temperature, and heat content.
The steam turbine, hrsg, condensate, feed water and associated systems. We cool the steam out of the turbine into a condenser using cooling water which turned into water. Plant integration systems that support the power train equipment in converting fuel to electrical power. The reason why we have preferred to evaluate the output power directly is that it is the primary purpose of a steam power plant, thus we are always interested in the various. After it passes through the turbine, the steam is condensed in a condenser. This type of application utlizes dry cooling towers. The function of the condenser is to convert the saturated steam at the exhaust of the turbine to water that can be reused in the boiler to again convert it to steam. The main steam condenser mc system is designed to condense and deaerate the exhaust steam from the main turbine and provide a heat sink for the turbine bypass system. Global supplier of steam condensers and related technology. Steam is to be condensed in the condenser of a steam.
A surface condenser is a commonly used term for a watercooled shell and tube heat exchanger installed to condense exhaust steam from a steam turbine in thermal power stations. Direct contact types where the cooling water is sprayed directly into the steam. The efficiency of the steam power plant is increased by the use of a condenser. And because of this, the whole condensate can be used as boiler feed water. The choice made will have a great effect on the energy efficiency of the plant and the costs of its construction. Steam condenser is a device in which the exhaust steam from steam turbine is condensed by means of cooling water. Recovering this steam as condensate, and returning it to the boiler, is an economical way to recycle heat.
The main advantages of incorporating a steam condenser in a steam power plant are as follows. A steam condenser has the following two objectives. A generating station which converts heat energy of coal combustion into electrical energy is known as a steam. The number of blades per fan will minimally be 5 but may be as many as 810 depending upon the fan supplier and the performance requirements. Modernization and upgrades for condenser modernization. Khalil department of mechanical power engineering, cairo university, cairo, egypt. Steam surface condensers modular changeouts babcock power. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter2 steam power plant. In this paper the effects of the condenser design parameters such as turbine inlet condition, turbine power and condenser pressure on heat transfer area, cooling water flowrate, condenser cost and specific energy generation cost are studied for surface type condenser. The steam condenser is an essential component of all modern steam power plants. These include steam turbine heat losses, generator heat losses, radiation losses, etc most of the processes in the power plant dissipate small amounts of heat into the environment. Air cooled condensers directly condense exhaust steam from the steam turbine without water consumption.
How an air ejector works in a boiler feed system steam. The condenser provides a vacuum that maximizes the energy extracted from the steam, resulting in a significant increase in net work and thermal efficiency. Steam condenser objective questions mcq and answers. Effect of condenser backpressure on power plant heat rate. Quality and innovation go into the building of each ecolaire steam surface condenser. The goal of maintaining the lowest practical turbine exhaust pressure is a primary reason for including the condenser in a thermal power plant. Effect of condenser backpressure on power plant heat rate and. Swapan basu, ajay kumar debnath, in power plant instrumentation and control handbook, 2015. Performance analysis of surface condenser in 525mw. Heat rejection systems that reject heat to the environment. The steam electric power station is a power station in which the electric generator is steam driven. Steam power plant construction,working, advantages and. The results are given in the text and also shown as diagrams. Steam surface condensers are the most commonly used condensers in modern power plants.
A surface condenser is critical to the efficient operation of a power plant. When a steam power plant is designed, there is much scope for choice of steam conditions i. Spray condensers utilize mixing or direct contact of cooling water and steam. This type of condenser is used in applications where the cooling water is the same quality as the steam condensate. Ecolaire condensers for power production since 1920 and to date has produced over 3,600 condensers. This is an excellent check and should always be done to validate your answer. Cooling water is distributed inside the condenser in the form of a fine spray that contacts and condenses the steam. Functionally, a condenser must condense several million poundskilograms per hour of wet steam at low. Water is heated, turns into steam and spins a steam turbine which drives an electrical generator. Oct 27, 2017 surface condenser is a type of steam condenser in which the steam and cooling water do not mix with each other. For 50 years, more than 700 of our condensers have been engineered, commissioned, and delivered. Its the device in through the condensate pump pumps the condensate water. Another important factor is the condenser s operating reliability.